Richardson, John E. (2004). “(Mis)Representing Islam: The Racism and Rhetoric of British Broadsheet Newspapers.” Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

The negativisation of British Muslims through two processes: 1. Proxy: They are perceived not to have the characteristics of ‘Britishness’ 2. Direct Exclusion: The characteristics which they are perceived to have: their ‘Islamicness’ – 152

Following Hafe (1998: 31), these acts and other like them, “are better conceived as nationalist practices: practices which assume, first, an image of national space; secondly, an image of nationalist himself or herself of this national space and, thirdly, an image of the ‘ethnic’/’racial other’ as a mere object within this space.” -152

Since Bakhtin (1981; 1986), dialogicality is regarded as “the idea that any text is linked in a chain, reaching to, drawing in and transforming other [previous] texts.” (Fairclough & Wodak, 1997: 262) - 199